Speech mechanics

Discourse marker

Definition

A word or phrase used to manage the flow of speech - like "so," "well," "you know," or "I mean" - without contributing core meaning.

Discourse markers organize spoken language. They signal turn-taking, transitions and emphasis. "So" introduces a conclusion. "Well" hedges. "You know" invites agreement.

While useful in conversation, overuse in formal speaking can read as filler. The fix isn't avoidance; it's awareness. Once you can hear yourself using them, you can place them on purpose instead of by reflex.

Read the full guideFiller words: list, examples and how to stop using them

Sources

Schiffrin, "Discourse Markers" (Cambridge University Press), Cambridge University Press

Related terms

Filler word

A sound, word, or phrase - like "um," "uh," "like," or "basically" - that fills a pause in speech without adding meaning.

Speech disfluency

Any interruption in the flow of spoken language - including filler words, false starts, repetitions, and self-corrections.

Practice it, don't just read about it.

Mic Buddy shows your filler words, pace and clarity after every take. It is free to download. Using it takes a subscription: a yearly, monthly or weekly plan.

Download on the App Store